Markets · Demand Management

The other 30% of your bill. Demand charges.

Most commercial electricity cost-reduction efforts focus on the energy rate ($/kWh). But for many businesses, demand charges ($/kW) represent 30–40% of the total electric bill — and they respond to a completely different set of strategies.

How demand charges work

One 15-minute spike sets your monthly demand charge for the entire billing period.

Your utility measures your electricity draw in 15-minute intervals throughout each billing period. The highest 15-minute average demand reading — even if it occurred once and lasted only a quarter-hour — becomes your demand peak for the month.

That peak is multiplied by the utility's $/kW demand charge rate — often $8–$22/kW depending on your tariff and state — and applied to your entire bill. A single equipment startup event, a hot day running all HVAC units simultaneously, or a production surge can add hundreds or thousands of dollars to a monthly bill.

Demand management strategies target that peak. The goal: reduce the highest interval reading, which reduces the multiplier applied to every kW of your peak for the whole month.

Illustrative 15-min interval load (weekday)
Peak interval determines the $/kW charge for the entire month
Strategies

Four demand management approaches — often used in combination.

Demand response
Get paid to curtail

Enroll in an ISO/RTO demand response program. When the grid calls an event (typically hot summer afternoons), you reduce load for 2–4 hours. In return, you receive capacity payments — $50,000–$500,000 annually for large commercial accounts in PJM.

Peak shaving
Battery or backup dispatch

On-site battery storage (BESS) or emergency generator is dispatched during high-demand periods to reduce grid draw and flatten the peak. Payback is driven by demand charge rate and frequency of peak events.

Load scheduling
Shift heavy loads off-peak

Move discretionary loads (manufacturing shifts, EV charging, HVAC pre-conditioning, refrigeration defrost cycles) to off-peak hours. No capital investment — often the fastest payback for facilities with operational flexibility.

Power factor correction
Eliminate reactive demand penalties

Industrial motors, HVAC compressors, and lighting ballasts draw reactive power that appears on your bill as a power factor penalty or elevated apparent demand. Capacitor banks correct power factor and reduce billed demand.

DR market coverage

Active demand response programs by market.

PJM
DE, IL, IN, MD, MI, NJ, OH, PA, VA, WV, DC
RPM capacity auction. Emergency and economic DR products. $50–$200/MW-day capacity payments.
ERCOT
Texas
Demand response via Load Resources. Real-time market participation. Ancillary services (ECRS, RRS).
ISO-NE
CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
Forward Capacity Market. Real-time DR and demand resources. Clean peak standard overlay.
NYISO
New York
ICAP demand response. Emergency DR and DADRP (Day-Ahead Demand Response Program).
MISO
IL, IN, MI + others
Planning reserve margin. Emergency demand response participation via LSE programs.
SPP
KS, NE, OK + others
Demand response participation through integrated marketplace and reliability programs.
Demand charge calculator
Estimate your demand charge impact
Monthly demand charge
Annual demand charge
Savings from 10% peak reduction
Savings from 20% peak reduction
Start saving

We analyze your demand profile alongside your energy rate.

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